How To Accurately Diagnose A Refrigeration Leak

Do You Know the Difference? How to Spot the Type of Refrigerant Leak for an Accurate Diagnosis.

When diagnosing a refrigerant leak, it is necessary to know what type of leak is present in the air conditioning system.

There are two types of refrigerant leaks – active and passive.

An active leak is easier to locate than a passive leak. Knowing the type of leak you are dealing with will help determine the type of refrigerant leak detection tool to use for locating the leak.

Active Refrigerant Leak

The active refrigerant leak is a continuous leak. There are some common causes for active leaks in an air conditioning system. They can include:

Corrosion porosity on a refrigerant line, evaporator or condenser.

Paint flaking from a steel refrigerant line or condenser is not always an indicator of a refrigerant leak. Paint flaking is normal and it will occur over time. Evidence of oil around the rusted or paint flaked refrigerant line does indicate that a leak is present.

O-ring or sealing washer

• Debris trapped between an O-ring or sealing washer joint or mating surface
• An incorrect size O-ring or sealing washer used on a joint or mating surface
• A rolled O-ring
• A missing O-ring or sealing washer

Refrigerant line

• Damage from bending a line during a refrigerant system repair
• An impact which caused the line to become deformed

Improperly torqued components

• An over torqued or under torqued refrigerant line or component joint or component fitting
• An under torqued pressure switch or cycling switch
• A loose service port cap

Compressor

• A crack in the compressor housing
• Loose compressor thru bolts
• Compressor shaft seal
• Compressor body seals

Service valve or pressure switch

• A pintle that is off center and is not seating properly
• A loose valve pintle

Component casting porosity

• Porosity from an improperly manufactured part, such as the compressor housing or a thermal expansion valve (TXV) body.

Using an electronic leak detector is an effective tool to locate an active leak.

Passive Refrigerant Leak

A passive leak is a type of refrigerant leak that intermittently occurs. Passive refrigerant leaks are caused by changes in pressure, temperature or vibration. Below are some examples of how a passive leak can occur:

Pressure

• Expansion and contraction of an under torqued refrigerant line, component joint or component fitting during operation of the air conditioner
• Compressor shaft seal leak

Vibration

• A cracked braze on a condenser or evaporator from a refrigerant line that is not supported properly

Temperature

• Compressor body or front head O-ring

Since this type of leak is intermittent, the use of the electronic leak detector may not be effective; therefore the use of refrigerant ultraviolet leak detection dye must be used. Once the dye is added to the refrigerant system, it may require time to locate the leak depending upon the severity of the leak and the driving habits of your customer. This could take from a few minutes to a few days. Some air conditioning systems have dye installed from the vehicle manufacturer. Check before adding additional dye to the system.